Revision history [back]

The best source for sector financing in Africa is:

Water and Sanitation Program - Africa Region -Nairobi, KE, (WSP-AF), 2011. Pathways to progress : transitioning to country-led service delivery pathways to meet Africa's water supply and sanitation targets : AMCOW country status overviews regional synthesis report. [online] Nairobi, Kenya: Water and Sanitation Program - African Region. Available at: <https://go.worldbank.org/OCI249JGU0>

Individual country reports are here: https://www.wsp.org/content/pathways-progress-status-water-and-sanitation-africa

Statistics on open defecation in Africa are in:

WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation -Geneva, CH, JMP, 2013. Progress on sanitation and drinking-water : 2013 update. [online] Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization (WHO), New York, NY, USA: UNICEF. Available at: <https://www.wssinfo.org/fileadmin/user_upload/resources/JMPreport2013.pdf>

For data on the sustainability of rural water supply systems in Africa see:

Adank, M. et al., 2013. The status of rural water services in Ghana : a synthesis of findings from 3 districts (Akatsi, Sunyani West and East Gonja Districts). (Triple-S – Working Paper). [online] The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. Available at: <https://www.waterservicesthatlast.org/media/publications/the_status_of_rural_water_supply_services_in_ghana>

Rural Water Supply Network -St.Gallen, CH, RWSN, 2010. Myths of the rural water supply sector. (Perspectives / RWSN; 4). [online] St. Gallen, Switzerland: Rural Water Supply Network, RWSN. Available at: <https://www.rwsn.ch/documentation/skatdocumentation.2009-07-27.8158674790/file>

Regarding the functionality of urban utilities in Africa see:

Per country - The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities (IBNET) - https://www.ib-net.org/ - gives national stats for average hours of service & NRW - also quoted in: UNICEF -New York, NY, US and WHO -Geneva, CH, World Health Organization. Drinking water : equity, safety and sustainability : thematic report on drinking water. [online] . Available at: <https://www.unicef.org/media/files/JMP_Report_DrinkingWater_2011.pdf>